Based on the flight test echo data obtained by self-developed airborne dual-frequency ocean profile LiDAR， the bathymetric error caused by wave refraction and water scattering was analyzed， and the correction method was proposed based on the combination of Genetic Algorithm （GA） and Levenberg-Marquarelt （LM） algorithm. The theoretical analysis shows that compared with the signal LM algorithm， this wave refraction correction method reduces the Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） of the inversion of sea wave profile by about 50%. The inversion method of water body optical parameters based on the seawater profile backscattering part of the measured echo signal was researched， and the errors and influencing factors introduced in the inversion of water optical parameters based on the Fernald backward iterative integration method were theoretically analyzed. It is found that when the estimated value of the “particle laser radar ratio” deviates by a% from the true value compared to –a%， the errors in the inversion of water body diffuse attenuation coefficient and 180° volume scattering coefficient are smaller.